Health informatics Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Health informatics - Research Proposal Example The challenge is not only increased by the chances of errors in prescriptions resulting out of lack of clarity of the handwritten prescriptions, but also from the pharmacists losing the handwritten prescriptions in the shuffle process of issuing drugs (Beuscart-ZÃ ©phir, 2005). Thus, due to the lack of electronic systems that are able to track the movement of the prescription orders from the patient wards to the hospital pharmacy, the efficiency and accuracy of dispensing prescription drugs is adversely affected (Weant, Cook, & Armitstead, 2007). Computerized pharmacy order entry systems have been suggested as potential solutions to the challenges of inpatient drug prescribing errors (Roberts, et al., 2013). Computerized order entry by the prescribing physicians enables the patient’s drug prescriptions to be transmitted electronically from the physician departments to the pharmacy department of hospitals. The essence of the use of the computerized pharmacy order entry systems is to eliminate the handwritten order prescriptions being transmitted from the physicians to the pharmacists. The suggestion for the implementation of computerized pharmacy order management system is pegged on the premise that the automated system is advantageous both in cost-savings and also in drug prescription safety enhancement (Lai, Yokoyama, Louie & Lightwood, 2007). There is no doubt that the major impact of a computerized pharmacy order entry system is to improve the legibility of the prescription orders. This is in turn observed to be fu ndamental for eliminating the medication errors that arises out of wrong drugs issuance by pharmacists, following the ineligibility of the prescription orders. Lack of legibility of the handwritten pharmacy orders can result in the pharmacists dispensing the wrong and even potentially dangerous drugs to the patients (Troiano, 1999). The benefits associated with the automation of the pharmacy ordering process within

BIS220 Information Systems Proposal Essay Example for Free

BIS220 Information Systems Proposal Essay Dear collegue as we embark on this adventure of starting our own Records Company, there are some things that we need to become familiar with in order to be successful. We need to get acquainted and become knowleageable with some of the different Information Systems that will help our compny be a successful one. See below for some of the necessary systems that we will be needing. Â  Integrating certain information systems within a business organization will not only prove for a faster more efficient workplace but will also improve the bottom line for company growth. Even though there are numerous information systems that can be implemented and utilized to improve the growth and expansion of the company, there are five information systems that the company should focus on utilizing: Office Automation System, Expert System, Management Information System, Electronic Commerce System, and Transaction Processing System. The recommended information systems listed in this proposal are simple to use and cost effective. Each information system needs to be evaluated based on their advantages and disadvantages, we will discuss them in detail. Management Information System (MIS): This system is in charge of managing all organizational networks and ensuring all systems are running accordingly. The MIS would also include knowledge of all employee information as well as tracking customer sales and handling company budgets. Dealing with allocated budgets could pose an ethical issue depending on the manager in charge, which, if based on a clean background check and character, should not be an issue. Office Automation System: This system will help the flow of employee productivity maintain a constant and progressive pattern. This system, or the OAS, will provide employees with the proper tools to create effective documents for everyday business related needs. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): This is needed in order to conduct daily operationsThe point of sale (POS) is one such system that can be designed make transactions efficient by collecting and storing sales transactions, generating purchase orders, and providing tracking numbers for individual sales. Data can transfer and used with accounting and inventory control software programs. These systems will follow the transaction from start point through the completed process and has the capability to capture records and data. Electronic Commerce System: This system will enable you to conduct transactions with different organizations and between your business and your consumers. Expert System: This system is the system that will approve credit cards. | The system crashing and causing us not to be able to take credit cards then leaving us without the transaction causing us not to meet our goal. Keep in mind that all of these sytems have their drawbacks and if they happen to failed they will cause a great deal of management pain withing your company. The hassles could be from time keeping with your employees to payroll problems withing the company Respectfully request you consider my proposal as it clearly meets the criteria for establishing a long and prosperous operation for your company. Again, thank you for the opportunity to provide a proposal for your business. If you have any questions, I’d be happy to meet you and discuss this proposal. Respectfully Pedro O. Beltran JOC Watch Officer/Intel Analyst SOUTHCOM J33 References: Reiner Jr, R. K., Cegielski, C. G. (2011). Introduction to Information Systems (3rd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database

Essay --

The above seven industries we have visited in Pune and Goa, and after all these industries we have visited in North India. The details of all the above industries are given in the earlier report. Bird eye views of the industries are given below. 1) Mapro Foods Pvt. Ltd. Mapro is the short name of Mahabaleshwar Products. It is a food manufacturing company which is located on hill town of Panchgani in Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra. The company produces different types of jams, crushes and fruit bars. The company is especially in Jams. The capacity of the company is around 30000 MT in a year. The company is leader in Western India. The quality of the products is so good. The company is 5 decades old and in today’s era it is sustained with its competitors. 2) Amul Amul is the well known company in all over the world. The company is produced different items like mils, curd, ghee, ice-cream etc. The company is good in export quality of the products. All the items are sold in the brand name of Amul. The one of the unit of Amul is situated in Pune. In that unit they produced milk, curd and butter milk. And all the items are sold in the Pune region and near the city also. The overall capacity of the Amul is 16.8 Million liters per day. As per the report which is published in September 2011 it is said that the capacity of the Amul in Pune is about one lakh liters. 3) Shetty Chemicals and Engineering works Pvt. Ltd. The company is manufacturing and selling of calcined and fused Alumina products. The company is about 50 years old and they are in the good quality manufactured products. The company is manufactured refractory castables, general refractory and cement refractory. It is used in different industries like petrochemical, copper in... ...ivers of Allian and Duhangan in the Kullu District. This project is started in July, 2010. In July 2010 Allian side of the project is completed and it is expected that from other side of the river that is on Duhangan side of the project is completed in February, 2012. The total capacity of the project is about 192 MV. 16) Gupta Woolen Mills The company is manufactured handmade best quality of Pashmina and Woolen shawls, stoles and lohis. The company also manufactures Kullu Caps and Jackets. All the products are handmade. There are about 10-15 workers are there in the company. 17) Kullu Neer The company is manufactures the water bottles and also sold the water. They make the own water bottle under the name of Kullu Neer. They purchase the raw material of the bottle and done the process on it and make it as per the demand like 500 ml, 1litter, and 1.5 litter.

Religious Leaders Essay

My fellow men, women and children, young, old and inbetween I have many thanks to give all of you. You have brought me here today in hopes of a better future for not only our country but for all the countries and without regard to color or race, the common good is what this country needs. We need to come together, help each other to become one in a synergistic form so that we all can survive not only economically but spiritually. You have recognized this. In doing this then the lives of all of us will become filled with more peace, patience and understanding thus providing for a less war torn country whether by actual war or by economical means and in this, the ripple effect will also allow an economical balance more so than all of us fighting against everything that we do each day. We need to start with the promotion of the right subjects and this would be the health and welfare of all of us. These two topics will always hold a common good for everyone. Based upon this knowledge there are three basic principles in which we must address and implement. Respect, social welfare and peace and security. (Principle of the Common Good- 2007 Ascension Health). Fundamentally as humans we all have rights to education, employment, health care, clothes, food and shelter and the only way to achieve this is to have a very clear set of goals as basic humans. Basic humans who know to live for basic principles and follow the differences of what is right and wrong have a good head start for helping to change the face of our country. We have empathy for those who suffer and help those who are in those positions. We are not greedy nor live in a corporate financial world but one of a spiritual world, doing what we know to be right and true, even if it isn’t necessarily by a bible. We love without knowing who they are, we give because the giving is needed for all of us. We hope and pray for the lives of others, in the end we will come together and be able to form, as a unity, a much better country in which to live. It is in this thought that we all must have and practice certain virtues and in the words of Josef Pieper those virtues are temperance, prudence, justice and fortitude. We must have the fortitude to not be afraid of our own true selves and to come forth and do what is necessary and right. We are in uncertain times and these time will only become more uncertain with or without changing the face of how we live and what we do. We must have the fortitude to bring back our country and certain factios that have been all but destroyed or deleted from our constitution. While we are struggling to have this fortitude we must also maintain a restraint against one another, a self control of angers and behaviors, a moderation of the dislike we all experience and a with holding of the negative talk from our tounges. If we can moderate our self interests with the interests and rights of others then our judgment and actions will become more appropriate. It is at this time that I propose radical changes in which to do exactly this and with much prayer and a strong belief in these virtues it is time to be selfish as a country, as a whole and first bring back the true freedom of religion. All positive religion is based upon the commonality of good, the basic principle of truth, respect, loyalty and love. I stand before you today thanking my own higher power that this country has brought me in front of you today. That there has been the realization that we are lacking much as a country and that you have chosen me to help lead the way from the dark back into the light. I thank my higher power that this country has agreed to bringing back our higher powers that many will call religion. It is in our God’s as one that we are united and we could not be united here today without your help and the setting aside of fears of persecution. From this day forward our Gods will be back with us in our churches, on our money, in our flag and I pray in our souls and in a continual motion to to perpetuate the goodness where we once stood. This will be a rough road but the addage of good wins over evil is what we will show from here on out. In the interest and continuity of our new found freedoms and in light of our economic situation we must practice yet again another round of the fortitude that you all exhibited and go forth to heal our country in its many torn threads and it is in this that I plan on withdrawing some of our foreing aid which in turn will help to promote our own economic challenges by providing jobs and better financial means of our country. In the interest of what the other countries may lose in bringing back our foreign aid I will endow to help them also come up with a positive plan on how they can further themselves as well without our help. This is the giving side of me, of our country. It may be only a peace of paper or a few ideas but helping one another without destroying what we used to have is tantamount in our country and hopefully these actions will lead by example and instead of facing an armageddon of war among church and state, maybe we can face the opposite, the loving god and learn to accept others higher powers and respect these as well. In the meaning of education, all private institutions outside of colleges will no longer be tuition based that way we have more alternatives to education and those who wish to have their children brought up in a religion based setting will be able to do so. Essentially education will be free outside of what we would normally agree to pay through our taxes. Health care will become a more socialized moment. While we are not a socialized country some things need to be socialized and health care is one of these. Our medications will be free to those who qualify. Those who qualify will be those who are unable to work in any way. Those who are able to maintain employment, physically and mentally will have the option of paying for medications or performing duties of a helpful nature such as helping our less fortunate within private social clubs, helping our children with aspects they need; it comes down to a volunteer basis of helping one another. It may even be the doctor in which you are visiting tomorrow that needs an extra hand in planting seed for his yard. While this lacks an income of financial means in many ways it is also part of our duty to help. Much like a barter system which most of us practice in and have since we were children ourselves. It is a basic principle. At the end of each year we, the government will reimburse the healthcare system a portion of what they have put out. We, the government will impose strict guidelines of record keeping so that we may never have to come back to the people to ask for financial assistance. This is the difference of socialized medicine in Canada whereas there are taxes imposed upon each taxpayer. Instead of taxes being paid, it will be paid by our own choice of monies or volunteering. In the adherence to guideline employment will rise as this will create jobs of maintaining and monthly checks of billing procedures and barter trades. The people who are put into these positions do not have to be government related but regular laymens. The volunteer system will consist of a list of volunteer jobs available contingent upon how much is spent in the medical field for your ailments. This list can be added to by the attending physician. As for clothes, shelter and food, everyone is entitled. Those who are homeless for one reason or another will be introduced to new programs that will help them overcome barriers. The government, once again will provide many additional shelter homes and those who normally donate to thrift stores, their clothes or additional foods may continue to do so. In addtion to these it is respectfully requested that these donations also bedivied among all the Nation’s warehouse that will be implemented so that those less fortunate may also enjoy the basic living of food, clothes and shelter. We as a nation, you as the people who wanted this will reevaluate the entire bartering system and learn what self sufficiency is about and the goodwill that we learn will last a lifetime and pass on, I pray, from generation to generation. This will take the work of all of us together as a team. Whether we are Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, non denominational or Atheist; regardless of our beliefs, it is my hope that we can all step aside from ourselves to objectively see what the others have to offer before we judge. Whether we are religious or not, we all know that to judge is not in our best interest and serves no good justice. You as a country has asked for financial stability, free medicines, employment additional education, a lack of war and many other things and it is in this I thank you for demanding this knowing the work will be harder to get to where you want but the perseverance of the people to obtain what they desire. All men will be equal, all will have to work as hard as the next to care for each other. We will rise and come forth as a nation, holding our heads high because we have done what we have done for the better good for all of us. We will feel good knowing we helped the infirm to obtain their medicines, of teaching our children the hidden but inherent good of other people. Know that it was all of your decisions that have brought forth the ideas for change and it is all of our responsibility to implement these changes. During my time of asking you to choose myself as President I asked everyone to write in what they hoped to see, their ideas and thoughts of change and during this time I had my own panel of people analyze this information and we have, as best as we could, implemented every idea into the plan for change for the betterment of you. I thank you all for coming today. I thank you for your support and throughout these next few years I plan on becoming what is know more of as a friend than a Presidential figure. Friends work together hand in hand to help others and that is exactly what this country needs and this is exactly what I plan on doing. Once again, thank you and have a better day. Works Cited Josef Pieper. Religious Leaders. 17 September 2007. http://en. wikiquote. org/wiki/Josef_Pieper Klaus Rohrich. Dear America (Canada Warns U. S. About Socialized Medicine) 7/12/04. http://www. freerepublic. com/focus/f-news/1169903/posts Principle of the Common Good- 2007 Ascension Health http://www. ascensionhealth. org/ethics/public/key_principles/common_good. asp

Customer Service Review Questions Essay

What are some innate qualities or characteristics that make people unique? Innate qualities are qualities and characteristics that one is born with and has within them. Some innate qualities that make people unique are race, ethnicity, gender, height, natural hair color, and birth order. What external or societal factors affect the way members of a group are seen or perceived? Some external factors that affect the way members are seen the way they dress, talk, act, which religion they support, and how they communicate and treat people. What are values? Values are long-term appraisals of the worth of an idea, person, place, thing or practice held by individuals, groups or cultures. They affect attitudes and behavior. Do beliefs differ from values? Explain. Beliefs are convictions arising from repetitive experience showing some logical consistency. When beliefs get stronger, they from into principles and philosophies called values. So things start out as beliefs and turn into values that are held onto and passed down Why would some people be reluctant to make eye contact with you? There could be a number of reasons why one wouldn’t make eye contact with you. It could be a culteral thing, where it is considered rude to look people in the eye. It could be that they are nervous or shy and feel awkward making eye contact. Or the nonverbal cues that you’re giving off may have them a bit scared or too intimidated to approach you. When dealing with customers with a disability, how can you best help them? When dealing with customers with disabilities, the most important thing is to treat them equally as you would with any other customer that walks through the door. Be prepared and informed, be careful not to patronize, refer to the person and not the disability, offer assistance but do not rush to help without them asking, and lastly, be respectful. How can recognition of the cultural value of â€Å"importance of family† be helpful in customer service? Recognizing the importance of family would be helpful in customer service because it shows the customer that relationships are important forming a trust relationship with your customers. Customers like to feel secure and trusted when dealing with anyone in customer service so they know that they are feeling heard. What are some considerations for improving communication in a diverse environment? The diverse nature of the customer population requires businesses to be aware of the various ways people from different cultures interact in the business setting. Being aware of all the different cultures prepares you for whoever walks through the door and needs help understanding certain things and communicating effectively. Avoid jokes, sarcasm, and have respect for the person. How can you effectively communicate with someone who has difficulty with the English language? The best way to communicate with people that struggle with the English language or any language that is foreign to them is to use general nonverbal communication, like smiling. Avoid slang and sarcasm, as well as jokes. Stick to basic general terms. What are some techniques for effectively providing service to older customers? Effective techniques for dealing with the elderly are being respectful, being patient, answering any questions they have, try not to sound patronizing or bossy, remaining professional and don’t let biases interfere with good service.

Significance of U.S. Science the 1870s essays

Significance of U.S. Science the 1870s essays Science in the United States prior to the Civil War was straggling to rise more than a few feet off the ground. Lacking positive support and participation, the few scientific organizations that were established failed to conform to newer thinking styles. With new scientific leaders, holding powerful positions and the Civil War now over, science in the United States grew vastly. A new epoch in science had arrived. Prior to the Civil War, the National Academy of Sciences hung from a precarious cliff with failing membership and lack of governmental interest. When Joseph Henry took over the presidency in 1867, his goal was to bring back the academy and reinvent it into a useful institution. First, Joseph Henry worked to get rid of Benjamin Siliman. Siliman was a key figure in the scientific of revolution in the early 1800s but was known to be a pursuer of profit in regards to science. Many believed he was a shame to modern science, and while his disbarment was not successful, the issue of membership requirements came under scrutiny. With the backing of Congress, Henry was able to lift the limits on membership and recruit younger, fresher members. By removing the limit of members, Henry was able to balance out the different fields. Henry was able to recreate the National Academy of Science into an institution that was able to create standards, promote basic research in all fields of science, and becomes advocates of science to the public. The Smithsonian was another institute that branch in the tree of U.S. science that received a facelift after the Civil War. The Smithsonian was owned jointly between the government and privately. The Smithsonian was supposed to be a support for scientists without strings, and yet that could not be realized without some sort of governmental dependence. With the building of Spencer Bairds National Museum, the Smithsonians funds were being drained at an enormous rate. Spencer tried to...

The Spanish-American War, this essay talks about wether or not Americas actions in the Spanish American war were justifiable.

The Spanish-American War, this essay talks about wether or not Americas actions in the Spanish American war were justifiable. Ever since we were old enough to know what pride and dignity was, we have had it. Even though the Bible says not to be prideful, it is almost an unavoidable thing. When someone does something to hurt my pride I know I always want to find a way to get him or her back. This is the same with the United States. Although everyone has their own opinion about the war, I think one of the main reasons the United States went to war is because of something that was said against the United States. However, that is not the only reason they went into war. Did the U.S. have a valid reason to enter the war? I do not think they did, and I will analyze many of the causes of the war and try to prove why they are reasons not worth going to war.The Americans at this time in history (late 1800's early 1900's) were in a position of great power and wealth.Opening page of the Platt AmendmentSince America no longer had to worry about the frontier, they decided to try to civilize other nations. After rising as a world power in a short amount of time, "Some Nations achieve greatness; the United States had greatness thrust upon it" (qtd American Voices 385) the United States felt they could succeed in civilizing other countries. But did America really enter the war to civilize Cuba? No they did not; America had other goals and thoughts in mind besides aiding the world. Killing is "The White Man's Burden" and is a poor attempt to justify the reasoning for the Spanish-American War. One of the reasons America entered the war is because of a tactic called Yellow Journalism. One of the writers of this style stated, "You furnish the pictures and I'll...

Writing a Thesis Statement for an Academic Paper

Writing a Thesis Statement for an Academic Paper Thesis Statement Help from Professional Writers Writing an academic essay is quite a usual task in high school, college or university. Students are asked to provide research on a topic, share their ideas and points of view in an essay. You should have precise arguments that will underpin your statement and persuade others. The idea you want to communicate is called a thesis statement. Making a good thesis statement might be tough as you have to put all your ideas and demonstrate personal position in one or two sentences. A lot of students face troubles with it while writing a thesis or an essay. The team of is ready to take care of your thesis. Place an order and our writers will do everything that is required. We can not only review your essay but help you write one on any of the following subjects: Math; Literature; Science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, etc.); English Grammar; History; Law; Economics; Politics, etc. is a team of professional writers who can easily help you write a thesis statement. They have years of experience in writing and know how to make in powerful, precise, and persuasive. Our professional writers know exactly how to use a thesis statement to make an essay coherent, connecting thoughts into one single unit underpinned by facts and arguments. Students from different countries tend to use our services and ask for thesis statement help. Some of them become our clients and have a chance to enjoy all perks our company can offer. Once you place an order and make a payment, one of the managers will contact you to discuss the details and further steps. Writing a thesis statement seems to be difficult, but our experts are able to help you with that. : We Help Students Whenever you find it hard to write a thesis statement, our skilled writers are here to help you. We hire only native speakers from the USA, who hold a Master’s degree or a PhD in a respective field. Before they are offered a position of the writer, we ask them to pass tests in English grammar and vocabulary. We have to be sure of their professional writing skills. The orders we get are required to be written in academic style and within a stated time frame, so there should be no delays. Apart from writing a thesis statement, our team will help you with the following assignments: Article writing; Book/movie review; Thesis; Dissertation; Essay writing; Creative writing, etc. It is required to provide some personal information while placing an order. Have no worries as all customer’s personal data is kept safe thanks to a great security system. What is more, it is never passed to third parties. We do care about your comfort and confidentiality. The end of term is approaching and you will be loaded with projects or writing assignments that might take a lot of time. It is impossible to cope with everything equally, so you might need help writing a thesis statement or deal with other tasks. In case you have any question in regard to thesis statement writing or you are interested in some other services, it is possible to contact our support team. They are available 24/7 and can answer all your questions. Feel free to use our online services and you will receive the best support from experienced and professional writers. Do not hesitate and prioritize the assignments you have to deal with.

Fiscal And Monetary Policy And Their Importance For The Country Essay

Fiscal And Monetary Policy And Their Importance For The Country - Essay Example Monetary policy is the stabilization of macroeconomic fundamentals, such as those relating to stable prices, stable growth rates for the economy, and the levels of employment and unemployment, with the ideal being full employment. In the United States, moreover, the existing mandate to the Federal Reserve Board emanating from Congress is for the former to promulgate fiscal policy decisions that will push employment numbers to the maximum as well as achieve stability in prices of goods and services (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2014; Investopedia LLC, 2014l SparkNotes LLC, 2014). Separate from this general two-component mandate, however, the US Central Bank has autonomy with regard to the operational aspects of achieving those mandates, and that means that the US Federal Reserve Board has the independence to chart monetary policy without intervention from the US Congress. In contrast, when one talks about fiscal policy, one talks about things that relate to the wa y government raises revenues through taxation, in order to finance its activities in terms of government expenditures (Hipple, 2014); Investopedia LLC, 2014 (b); Powers, 2014). In contrast, too, the Federal Reserve Board plays no role in the way fiscal policies are crafted and enabled. Those latter aspects of fiscal policy are entirely within the power of Congress and the White House and exclude the central bank (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2014; Krugman, 2012). In other countries as well, these distinctions between fiscal and monetary policies hold (Leigh and Stehn, 2009; Traclet, 2004). As the name implies monetary policy refers to the policy, as the controlled bank, pertaining to the amount of money in circulation in the economy. The mechanisms of control of the money supply or the effecting of monetary policy include tweaking interest rates for loans, as well as tweaking monetary reserve requirements for banks.

Students Experiences of Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Students Experiences of Social Media - Essay Example People believe that social media is a platform, where employees can get themselves recreated and enjoy their time (Billett, 2006, p.24). It can also increase the chances of distraction from work for a longer period of time. This would finally impact the completion of an assigned work within expected time (Button, 1992, p.12). It is clear that employers are concerned about the behavior of their employees and they want to keep track of employee actions in order to increase the efficiency of employees and generate output (Henry, 2008, p.42). Productivity and employee-efficiency are the two factors that are given special interest by the employers hence, the use of social media in workplaces are not preferred by employers and managers (Chandler, 1995, p.15). According to expert opinions, social media has many real-time uses that can-not be ignored by organizations (Kotler, 2001, p.81). There are many companies, who rely on social media information because the available information related to international updates helps the companies to perform better or make their strategies accordingly (Cockburn, 1992, p.15). It has also been observed that employees need time to recreate during office hours due to which they chat with each other and talk over phone to reduce their stress. Social media can be very useful during this period for employees and it can also be beneficial for employers because employees would be motivated to sit and work more in their computers (Coiera, 2000, p.19). During productivity both the working and non-working hours are essential from the employees perspective. Implication of social media can be helpful because it can increase the working hours of employees. Employees can work without losing their focus and they can c ommunicate with each other with the help of instant messaging systems available in computers (Coiera, 2004, p.39). The instant messaging system helps employees to discuss and about an issue or give their

Discuss how Neil Gaiman's 'The Graveyard Book' (winner of the uk Essay

Discuss how Neil Gaiman's 'The Graveyard Book' (winner of the uk carneagie prize) along with Louisa m Alcott's 'Little Woman' an - Essay Example In looking at three novels from three different time periods, the examples of how children’s literature have both evolved and stayed surprisingly the same can be appreciated. Little Women by Louisa May Alcott provided a template for society during the 19th century, the efforts of the sisters in her story framed by the social construction that defined the culture of the time. In Swallows and Amazons, by Arthur Ransome, the stories are based upon the adventures of children as two groups meet and interact, one group in a dinghy named Swallow, and the other group in a dinghy named Amazon. The stories were written in the early 20th century creating a reflection of the moral discourse and the nature of perceived childhood of the time period. The last novel, The Graveyard Book, written by Neil Gaiman, was published in 2008 and reflects the darker aesthetics that have emerged in the last decade. The three novels provide rich insight into the changing nature of children’s litera ture, while also providing context for the similarities that exist within the genre that have transcended time. Childhood and Children’s Literature The history of children’s literature is long and filled with imaginative methods in which the world was interpreted for the younger mind. Through stories that granted a message of morals, ethics, politics, sexuality, gender, or social construction, children have been instructed on how to understand many of the complex issues of life. According to Lerer (2008, p. 1), â€Å"The history of children’s literature is inseparable from the history of childhood, for the child was made through texts and tales he or she studied, heard, and told back†. The nature of children’s literature is within its ability to transform thought, to define a topic that will influence the way in which that topic is experienced and framed by the child who has been exposed something specific within a story. Stories provide context fo r the many experiences that seem too large or beyond the scope of a child’s ability to comprehend. A story can break something into smaller pieces that will be more easily digested, thus creating a broader and more developed understanding. Childhood has been framed throughout history, although its modern concept is a relatively new idea. Furthering the nature of modern childhood, the child is now considered for investment, through both economic and emotional considerations that in previous societies were not nurtured. Children became important as they proved their importance. Marx Wartofsky, a twentieth century philosopher, stated that a child is â€Å" what they are taken to be by others and what they come to take themselves to be, in the course of their social communication and interaction with others† (Lerer 2008, p. 2). Therefore, the way in which the communication between literature and the child is developed is through the nature of the social connection that is made between society and childhood. As children rose in viability as a consumerist segment of society for which advertisers could focus their wares, the nature of engaging the imagination began to evolve to a higher level. Stories such as Rudyard Kipling’s Jungle Book, J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan, and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll are were conceived in that late 19th century time period as

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Social Psychology - Essay Example The study of social influence, social comparison, conformity, obedience, motives, group processes, attitudes and attitude changes involve social psychology to very large extent in understanding the culture and background of a region together with its history and social practices, and helps to track the means to change mindsets and augment the economy. Undoubtedly, the individual has a huge responsibility in social behavior and practices. Human nature is hereditary and follows the pattern and practices an individual sees and observes around him. As such, the study on self and one’s identity has a special place in the study of social psychology. Every individual is naturally inclined to be self-centered, and central to all his or her life is the concern for the security and well-being of the individual within the social standards, resources and beliefs being followed in the region. The purposes and goals of the individual have a lot to do with the resources and influence society brings about with the help of the natural environment, traditional customs and leadership unique to the region. Man has always had the capability to understand what he is like and the desire to know what he would like to be. Progress is achieved when one puts one’s perception and experience to work and grasp what is feasible and attainable. It makes sense to the individual to seek better things in life and see all round progress and prosperity where he is concerned as well as where others are also involved. The means to these issues are interpersonal relationships, social standards and understanding of one’s culture. The events in Rwanda some decades ago shocked the world and exposed the incapacity of the United Nations to quickly and effectively deal with the situation. A mute world looked on as marauding mobs went on rampage, looting and massacring a hapless minority whose only fault lay in the lopsided governing

Engineering project management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Engineering project management - Assignment Example ble (installing a new machine’s base) will not be produced on time and with budget if necessary corrections actions are taken on time (Panneerselvam & Senthilkumar 2009). However, according to company, the project must go on and the base must be completed on time otherwise the organization will suffer dire consequences which may include losing its customers. It is therefore it is suggested that in order that the expanded project is completed on time, adjustments must be made of the project cost. That is, the organization and/or the contractor should employ more man power and equipment to work on the project within remaining period of time. This increase the rate at which the work will be done and increasing chances of completing the project on time. (Word count: 218) Due to safety concerns associated with asbestos, the scope of the project is likely to be changed (removal of the existing duct and its contents). The changing of the scope would mean that other constrains such as time and cost will be adjusted accordingly (Kanda 2011). This means that the project deliverable (installing a new machine’s base) will not be produced on time. The consequence of not completing this project on time is dire to the company since the organization might lose an important order, and due to the cost investment made on the new equipment the organization might be forced to close down. This means that delaying the installation of the base of the new machine is not an option for the organization. Employees are amongst the most important elements for organizations; therefore, there health should be made priority (CCH 2009). In addition, safety of environments in which employees work must conform to occupational safety and health standards (Lingard & Rowlinson 2005). Compromising the health of workers by making them work alongside these asbestos ducts would affect health, and consequently their productivity will also be affected (CCH 2009). The organization may also risk being

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Social Psychology - Essay Example The study of social influence, social comparison, conformity, obedience, motives, group processes, attitudes and attitude changes involve social psychology to very large extent in understanding the culture and background of a region together with its history and social practices, and helps to track the means to change mindsets and augment the economy. Undoubtedly, the individual has a huge responsibility in social behavior and practices. Human nature is hereditary and follows the pattern and practices an individual sees and observes around him. As such, the study on self and one’s identity has a special place in the study of social psychology. Every individual is naturally inclined to be self-centered, and central to all his or her life is the concern for the security and well-being of the individual within the social standards, resources and beliefs being followed in the region. The purposes and goals of the individual have a lot to do with the resources and influence society brings about with the help of the natural environment, traditional customs and leadership unique to the region. Man has always had the capability to understand what he is like and the desire to know what he would like to be. Progress is achieved when one puts one’s perception and experience to work and grasp what is feasible and attainable. It makes sense to the individual to seek better things in life and see all round progress and prosperity where he is concerned as well as where others are also involved. The means to these issues are interpersonal relationships, social standards and understanding of one’s culture. The events in Rwanda some decades ago shocked the world and exposed the incapacity of the United Nations to quickly and effectively deal with the situation. A mute world looked on as marauding mobs went on rampage, looting and massacring a hapless minority whose only fault lay in the lopsided governing

Building a Power Base in a New Organization Case Study

Building a Power Base in a New Organization - Case Study Example Hence it is important realize that the first few months of transfer is critical in building a power base in order to accomplish the leadership role and changes that you want to achieve and realize your personal and professional goals (Houston, 2008). According to Paula Brynion (2004), power is one’s capability to influence others. The nursing industry must recognize that constructing a power base is a vital force in controlling one’s vocation and place in an organization. Brynion furthers states that the capacity to identify and connect the enthusiasm and prospect of nursing is imperative in building a positive perception of and using power. Hence, a list of strategies in building a power base is listed and expounded in this paper. 1. Be professional and act as a team player. Since you are a new nameless subject in the group, you must present yourself in a package that would leave a positive mark to your coworkers. Uphold an aura of professionalism and competence by goi ng to work early and well-groomed. Be conscious of how you talk with others and try to be tactful and confident especially when dealing with head nurses and doctors. Maintaining composure even under times of stress will leave them a good impression of you. It is also necessary to work harder, volunteer for extra shifts and readily help colleagues to contribute more to the community. Involve yourself in meetings, extra assignments and accept these tasks with an open mind. Eventually, perseverance and professionalism can take you greater heights and everyone will associate your name with respect and credibility (Daly, Speedy and Jackson, 2003). 2. Learn the rules. Building a power base command for socialization and determination of the key people of power in the company. Understanding the â€Å"unspoken rules† in an organization is critical in blending in with your new surroundings, will provide you with a broader vision of the organization and get a better sense of how it func tions. It is essential for any newcomer to recognize the culture and values of the institution in order to have an awareness of the do’s and don’ts in the workplace. The information achieved through these details can benefit you by gaining entrance into important networks in the system (Carter, 2007). 3. Increase expert power. Given that you have been a registered nurse for five years from a previous hospital, it is expected that proper training and experience are already at hand. However, continuous gaining of knowledge, expertise and skills are still needed to increase expert power. New challenges arise every day that can help increase not only your skill level but your maturity as well. Moreover, taking up specialty certifications and advanced studies upsurges your power base because of new knowledge gained. Open positions for higher ranks may specifically require certain capabilities so you need to seize those opportunities by gaining expert power as much as you ca n (Yoder-Wise, 2011). 4. Search for mentors and form alliances with other professionals. Associate yourself with positive role models that imitate nursing excellence and behave accordingly. Coworkers who show commitment to extensive learning and love for their jobs are more likely to emulate optimistic approach in making a difference in the nursing industry. These kinds of people can be of great influence to you since mentoring is an active process that can help build a power base.

Distancia Amingo Essay Example for Free

Distancia Amingo Essay It was mid-afternoon. I could see faces along the road. I knew they were Iskolar ng Bayan; I assumed. They are for sure coming from different Bicol provinces. I was in a hurry to cross the lane. I was nearly bumped by a jeepney. Ano, magpapakamatay ka na? The driver shouted. Aw nano na costumbre, I murmured. I did not know whether he got the right person or I got a wrong way, either. After I crossed the pedestrian lane, I stopped and thought it over. Suddenly, a tricyle passed by. Distancia Amingo, as I have read the inscription on the board of its back. Keep distance, I told myself. I, most of the times, was waiting for and taking a ride in a jeepney every time I am going to office, church, mall, and even bar hopping. Jeepney becomes a public transportation of Legazpenos and other neighboring places. We are comfortable to call it as dyip or jeep. Indeed, my previous experience constructs a new concept that helps me out to observe, describe, and take note its technical and cultural background. What can you say? Jeepneys are originally made from US military jeeps, which military left them behind after ended the World War II instead of paying to ship the vehicles to America. A jeepney is a 12- to 16-passenger vehicle fashioned from second-hand military Jeeps used in the Philippines as public transportation. The term comes from a combination of the words Jeep and jitney, meaning small bus following a flexible schedule that carries passengers on a regular route. Over the years, the jeepney has grown to become one of the most prevalent means of transportation in the Philippines,† said Jacob Hendriks, eHow contributing writer. Today, it becomes the most common means of public transportation among provinces in the Philippines. Indeed, its name tags the Filipinos culture. If you could notice before you step up there are some slogans down the stair. Take note; you will perhaps frown or laugh at after reading it. Basta driver, sweet lover, this is an authentic example. It is not doubtful if passengers got smile when they have pleased to seat on the tukawan, I connote. On the other hand, this slogan simply speaks of machismo. In contrast, drivers could be described as polygamous by nature aside from being gentlemen to passengers. Perhaps, the status of their employment would attest that in some cases they coincidentally found women at night while they went to driving. I don’t think if some of them got concubines, which could be the cause of love quarrel between him and his wife. I think this is the reason why some of them had encountered accident that is suicidal. Forgive me if I got the wrong concept. At the back of the driver seat, you can read, Barya lang po sa umaga. We cannot deny that many times we forgot to pay our fare using coins early in the morning. Dai akon sensilyo; that’s it when driver asked. We cannot deny that we never allow ourselves to follow this simple rule; yet, when we demand good services from the authority basically our blood pressure seems to explode. High blood? so to speak. On the other hand, there are drivers who cheat. When you handed him more than the expected fare sometimes they forgot or meant not to return your change. I did not say that they are all cheaters because there also some of them who are honest. The moment you forgot, they screeched their wheels back. I also did not say that they are not angry when passengers count their change. Maski arog ako kaini, dai ko kaya manluko nin tawo, one time a driver murmured towards me. Feeling close, my flirt mind commented. Fasten your seat belt; you can read this line when you sit beside the driver’s seat. Sometimes, it is written as, fasten your sit belt. At first, I was annoyed; but, at the end, I realized that this line is the result of linguistic imperialism. We should forgive the perpetrator. We should not point our fingers to the driver because the nature of his work does not qualify to plead him guilty instead we will blame his teacher. It could be his parents as first teachers at home. It could be his teachers in the school, where learning takes place. Exactly, his learning experience constructs meaning as influence of constructivism. The good side is; he is not just a driver, but a skilled worker. This is the real substance of education shaping a person to be productive developing his potential to a defined skill. I was already inside the jeepney where I listened to the song entitled, Jeepney by Spongecola. What a coincidence, I said. Hush. Listen to the song. Bumaba ako sa jeepney/Kung saan tayoy dating magkatabi/Magkahalik ang pisngi nating dalawa. The verses describe how the lovers explicitly unveil their relationship. Public display affection (pda); they said. Yes, it is expected that this is between man and woman. It could possibly be a man with a queer wo(man). That’s true; we do not impose racism here. You can laugh, but do not judge. Just say; this is the law of extreme reality. Pues, I can’t bear the moment without looking into the trend of courtship nowadays. I tell you; I am not against with them. I really feel sad when I see lovers in the jeepney showing inhuman behavior. We cannot blame older than us if they can’t tolerate themselves to put them into gossip because they destroy our good tradition. So, it is not surprising if women are being brutalized and raped because they become motif of original sin. Si’isay su relihiyoso an padi o an drayber? It becomes a joke; but, if we look at it as new perspective, tambay or bystanders would answer us, of course, the driver. If you can observe; the driver will not drive the jeepney without signing a cross. Yes, I agree, but he cannot do it without prior knowledge about his religious ways without the priests. When we destroy our conscience, our faith will be at stake. Faith in our people and faith in God, said Sen. Benigno â€Å"Ninoy† Aguino, Sr. In front of the jeepney’s mirror, you can see a small altar with an image of Virgin Mary. It becomes the icon of their salvation. Sometimes, they hang above it a bunch of fresh and fragrant flower, sampaguita, which they bought three for ten pesos from the young vendors. These vendors could be young boys or girls who seemed to be unfortunate. No child shall be left behind, as envisioned by the DepEd. Yet, the more the children are unfortunate, the more they are not able to go to school. I am sure there is something wrong in their home. I am sure there is something wrong in the system of the government. Along the front window you can notice the driver’s prayer embroidered as, God bless our trip. With this, I can say that the driver is a symbolic for hard work and these four words represent for prayer. This entails that when we work we should never forget to pray. Ora et labora; in English means, pray and work. This simply reminds us that we should balance our material needs and our spiritual need. When I got down the stair another jeepney passed by. I could read the inscription, In God We Trust. I can’t imagine how Bicolanos survive amid scarcity as a result of natural calamity. I presume; Bicolanos’ ways of living unfold the profound relationship with God. Ancient times indeed reflect how our ancestors passed on our good culture that defines our Bicolano identity. So, we have no reasons to smile. Starting today, we will keep distance when jeepney stops, but we will never lose hope when sudden misfortune comes because God never keeps us apart. He is just in our heart.

Communication Is Important In Nursing And Nursing Process Nursing Essay

Communication Is Important In Nursing And Nursing Process Nursing Essay This essay will look at the importance of communication in nursing. To begin, the essay will consider the use of communication in nursing in the general context. The latter section will go on to reflect on the application of communication in practice in relation to conversation and basic psychotherapeutic support within the dementia care environment. Introduction Communicating is a fundamental skill in nursing. It governs every task a nurse undertakes from the point of admission to the point of discharge. There are a number of levels from simple phatic exchanges used to initiate conversation, extending to complex counselling techniques. Effective use of communication has been shown to benefit the nurse-patient relationship, contributing to overall well-being and accelerating the process of treatment. It is therefore an essential aspect of the nursing process. In some cases, it can even mean the difference between life and death. Good communication is often regarded as a delicate and complex art, requiring a good understanding of the interplay between numerous factors. This essay intends to provide a definition and to highlight a number of important professional, ethical, legal and moral responsibilities of the nurse in relation to communication (Sheldon, 2005). Discussion There are numerous definitions for communication. Potter and Perry (2001 p.445) offer a definition for communication as a process in which people affect one another through the exchange of information, ideas, and feelings. Thus, it is about sending and receiving a message, both verbally and non-verbally, with a shared goal of conveying a mutual understanding. In general regard to the verbal domain, the process is often reciprocal in nature as both informant and referent change role, seek clarification and offer an acknowledgement of understanding throughout the exchange. It is imperative to be aware of the effect that body language and paralinguistic features have on communication. Thinking about body posture and implementing the principles of SOLER (identified by Egan (1982) cited in Burnard and Gill (2009)) is useful in nursing. A relaxed posture can help in the process of active listening, helping to convey an empathic response to the patient. Argyle (1994) points out that people are often unaware of their own non-verbal communication, whilst it is clearly visible to the receiver. Incongruence between what is being said verbally and what otherwise is perceived does not help in facilitating a positive relationship from a patients perspective. However, for a nurse who is trained to be sensitive to such cues (particularly in mental health settings), it can sometimes present useful information about a patients mental state and is a possible indicator of deterioration. The Fundamentals of Care (2003) document published by the Welsh Assembly Government highlights that communication should take place using appropriate language and in a sensitive manner. Care should be taken to communicate effectively with people who are mentally impaired. In all patient communication the use of medical jargon should be limited wherever possible. As the Department of Health Valuing People Now (DH 2007) points out, as cited in Baillie (2009), people with learning disabilities have a right to healthcare just as much as other people and it should be just as accessible. In essence, nurses have to be open, flexible and versatile in their approach. Stuart and Laraia (2005) cited in Riley (2008) suggest that communication facilitates the development of a therapeutic relationship. Nurses should adopt a suitable style of questioning, using open and closed questions appropriately depending on the situation. It is always important to convey a warm and accepting attitude that is objective and value free, taking into account the different cultural variations that exist. Nursing is increasingly recognised as a holistic and person-centred process, with so many aspects of a patients life regarded as important to the process of recovery that communication in itself forms a significant aspect of treatment. Caris-Verhallen et al. (1999), cited in Crawford et al (2006), imply that communication promotes an increased level of self-esteem and reduces stress. These benefits also promote staff wellbeing. In addition, Watkins (2002) mentions the usage of self-disclosure as a factor that helps develop therapeutic relationships with patients, parti cularly within mental health settings. Teamwork is a factor too which relies heavily on good communication. Nurses are surrounded by different types of health care professionals and as Peate (2006) acknowledges, interdisciplinary communication can be difficult. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) Code of Conduct states that, as a nurse you must work cooperatively within teams and respect the skills, expertise and contributions of your colleagues. It is often the nurse that acts as an intermediary between the patient and another healthcare professional, disseminating information and explaining it in terms suitably appropriate to the understanding of the patient. Poor communication creates barriers which can often lead to patients feeling alienated and making complaints as well as often being a significant factor in cases of malpractice, neglect and negligence. Within many clinical settings, a lack of time presents difficulties in utilising effective communication. Nurses often have to take opportunities to build rapport using synchronous communication whilst carrying out other tasks and duties. As Crawford et al. (2006) point out, healthcare professionals are increasingly task driven and laden with administration which prevents them from spending time talking with patients using the ideal but time consuming counselling type communication. Therefore, in modern healthcare settings, they suggest a newer model is used that encompasses Brief, Ordinary and Effective (BOE) communication Crawford et al. (2006). With regard to written communication, the NMC Code of Conduct (2008) highlights that nurses are expected to ensure that accurate and up to date records are maintained, with clear information about when the entry was made together with a signature of the person making the entry. Not only is this therapeutically useful, it is also an essential legal requirement and offers evidence that treatment has been carried out. Finally, Baillie (2009) explains that the telephone also forms an important, often overlooked mode of communication. As with all clinical work, it is essential for nurses to maintain professional etiquette and confidentiality, as well as acknowledge their level of competence to the caller and ensure that the call is documented where necessary (Baillie, 2009) Conclusion Communication has been demonstrated to have an important positive influence on treatment outcome. Nurses as a collective group represent a substantial aspect of all clinical health care professionals. They probably spend the most amount of time with a patient. As such, there is an enormous capacity for influence on treatment. It is therefore clear why there is a need for significant emphasis on this matter in nurse pre-registration programmes. Encouraging future and present generations of nurses to communicate more effectively could have a significant influence on increasing patient satisfaction and recovery time. It is therefore suggested that promoting effective communication has potential cost saving implications for local healthcare authorities too. This is important given the enormous strain that the NHS is under in the current economic climate. From a wider perspective, it could be speculated that effective communication indirectly has some bearing on aspects of future health a nd social policy. Reflection: Communication in The Dementia Care Context This next section looks reflects on communication within a dementia care setting and utilizes a Reflective Cycle model (appendix 1) adapted from Gibbs et al (1988) as cited in Bulman and Schutz (2008). The model begins by using a description about what has happened and then encourages the person whom is reflecting to acknowledge their feelings about the situation/event. From this, the evaluation phase encourages the reflector to make value judgements and to say what was good or bad about the experience. Next, an analysis can be made about the situation and this should hopefully generate ideas and themes about the situation. Through doing so, conclusions can be drawn both in the general sense and in terms of the reflectors specific personal experience. The final part of the reflection process with this model is the personal action plans stage whereby the reflector can suggest different, perhaps better ways of doing things in a similar future situation. Description The placement was a dementia care ward which was all-female bedded with people who were at various stages in terms of the development of their dementia condition. The majority of the patients were still relatively active in a physical sense and often quite talkative. I spent a significant amount of time sitting with various patients in the dayroom, often for observation reasons to help ensure their safety. This enabled frequent opportunity to talk to the patients and also to gain some insight into the nature of how dementia can affect people. There was one patient that particularly concerned me. In the interests of preserving confidentiality I will change her name and refer to her as Abigale. Although this reflection is predominantly focused on my interaction with Abigale, much of what I mention is relevant to the patient population at large in respect of dementia care. Abigale was an elderly lady, perhaps in her early 70s, who used to be a school teacher during her working years. Her condition was such that she was often quite talkative although the conversation was very much disjointed. She conveyed a range of emotions and often talked to me as if I resembled a particular character in her former life. Sometimes she spoke in a manner that suggested that she was seemingly happy about something and then for no apparent reason, she would become very upset and tearful. This happened on a frequent basis, with her emotions appearing to cycle between positive and negative affect in relatively short periods of time. Feelings Throughout the time I spent talking with Abigale, I always tried to talk warmly to her and convey an accepting attitude along with empathy, interest and compassion, reflecting the core principles of Rogers client centred therapy. I was aware that my non-verbal communication was very important both to her and other patients. Within the dementia care setting, non-verbal communication is often even more important because it is often relied to a great extent. I always tried to portray openness in my body language, using the SOLER principles acronym outlined by Egan (1994), (see appendix 2). I found that she often used the mode of touch to communicate when sitting and/or talking with people and I attempted to replicate this in a similar, acceptable manner. I found this to be very effective which did surprise me. With a younger generation, touch tends to be a form of communication that I tend to perceive as not working very well for me. This maybe because I just havent utilised this method very much outside of friendship and family settings. I enjoyed spending time talking with Abigale. I particularly liked the way she continued to speak with a degree of authority that would perhaps be commensurate with her former role as a teacher. Even though her conversation was markedly unfocused and incongruent, she spoke in a very articulate manner. When I was able to answer her with a response she appeared to find satisfactory, it felt quite rewarding and it was good to see when she appeared to be happy. Sometimes she acted as if I resembled various people from her life. It was difficult to know whether to simply accept these non-sequiturs and go along with them, or correct her and risk upsetting her. Unfortunately, there were also times when I could not give her a response that she needed. I occasionally found it difficult to determine what she was actually talking about and I didnt want to respond with something that wasnt relevant. Despite my best efforts, it was difficult to seek clarification from her as she would often move on to some other topic. I also found it emotionally challenging at the times where she was upset for no apparent reason and I would have liked to have been able to offer more support. Sometimes, I have observed staff using diversion techniques to help distract patients from distressing situations. I have tried to use these occasionally. However, I tend to be a little uncomfortable doing this and I would rather be able to help somehow by having a greater understanding of the person and addressing their questions and concerns more directly. Finally, not having access to the computerised notes system (PARIS) was very frustrating as it meant that I only had information passed verbally from staff. Evaluation Whilst communicating with Abigale and indeed, other patients within the setting, I tried to maximise my listening capacity by blocking out noises that were external to interactions. However, because I felt I had a duty to the other patients, blocking all noises was impracticable. The dayroom tended to be a difficult place to have a conversation. The television appeared to be more or less continually switched on, and there were often domestic staff performing various cleaning duties. The ambient noise levels tended to be quite high and somewhat distracting both for myself and no doubt, the patients. Access to PARIS would have allowed me to gain a greater awareness about the patient as I would have been able to read comments and assessments made by the whole multidisciplinary team. Analysis Good communication forms an intrinsic part of the nursing process and is part of many nursing models. Roper et al. (1996) as cited in Peate (2006) list it as an aspect of daily living. Unfortunately, people who suffer with dementia experience a number of cognitive difficulties according to Mace (2005) as cited in Adams (2008) (see appendix 3) which make communication very difficult. The associated pathological diseases and consequences of aging also exacerbate these difficulties making effective communication even more problematic (Adams, 2008). The role of communication is therefore especially important for dementia patients as they are likely to have difficulties with interpretation of messages (Kitwood, 1997 as cited in Adams (2008)). Indeed, I often found that what Abigale said and how she acted on the responses that I gave was often incongruent suggesting there was a problem with interpretation. However, when I attempted to seek clarification, it was very difficult or indeed imp ossible. According to Cheston and Bender (2003), dementia care can be improved by beingpsychotherapeutic and using every interaction as an potential opportunity to help and support them. The humanistic and Rogerian aspect of empathic listening is particularly important and provides clues about embedded emotional messages according to Cheston and Bender (2003). However, they go on to suggest that in order to be psychotherapeutic in an approach requires a good understanding of a persons life history. Unfortunately, the short term nature of the placement meant that I was likely to remain relatively naive in terms of understanding her history and condition to any useful extent, so being truly psychotherapeutic in my actions was difficult. Nevertheless, I attempted to provide a contribution to the nursing process. I found that some of the communication strategies that nurses are encouraged to use in many settings need to be changed when consideration is given to the dementia care environment. Watkins (2001) suggests that clients respond better when nurses ask open questions. However, for dementia patients, asking open questions would appear to have a tendency to induce cognitive overload. As such, the Alzeimers Society Advice Sheet (2000) recommends that carers should ask short questions, one at a time which require only short answers. The Alzheimers Society (2000) also highlight the need to try and see the person behind the illness: Interests, likes and dislikes, hopes and fears, early life, places they have lived and visited, working life, people they love/have loved, friendships and personality. I did try to find out from Abigale aspects of her former life but in truth, I had very little understanding about these factors. Abigale tended not to respond directly to questions but rather hinted certain aspects on an adhoc basis. Therefore, hypothetically, if I was a named nurse for Abigale in the future, it would perhaps be useful to speak to her close family to gain some insight and as well as potential stimulus for conversations. Perhaps a reminiscence box containing various items such as photographs and objects would be useful in terms of triggering memories and developing conversations. I think it is important to acknowledge that it would have been better to take Abigale to somewhere quieter when she was upset. This would have been more conducive to conversation as well as offering some level privacy for Abigale. However, in the reality of the situation, there were limited places that were actually available on the ward. In addition, it was likely there were other patients that were also episodically distressed that made it difficult to devote full time to Abigale. The other patients tended to demonstrate similar emotions which coincided with the majority; hence there were good and bad days in terms of patient behaviours. Overall, I feel that on balance I offered a good level of support for Abigale. At times, I believe that I could have offered her more in terms of conversation if I had a better level of knowledge about her background. Indeed, sometimes I felt that I lacked the relevant stimulus to have a lengthy conversation. Despite it being my first placement, there were times where I would have liked to have had the knowledge to use certain basic level therapeutic approaches that are applicable to patients whom suffer from dementia. My mentor also mentioned an interest in validation therapy and I am aware too of the existence of other forms of therapy such as pre-therapy, reminenscence therapy, resolution therapy and the person-focused approach. However, I can clearly appreciate that as a 1st year nursing student, to gain such knowledge is totally impracticable, as well as potentially unethical and unprofessional if actually used without proper registered status. Indeed, under the NMC Code of Cond uct (2008) I must recognise and practice within the limits of competency. As such, in order to be in a position to use many therapeutic techniques effectively, I would need significant further training and/or further professional accreditation. Conclusion (General) Communication with patients who have dementia is an extremely difficult and complex process. It is absolutely essential that nurses practice effective communication to help maintain the quality of life of the patients in their care. In practice, it is very difficult to ensure that psychotherapeutic support is well provided, particularly as psychological needs are more subtle and discrete. It could be argued that relatively low levels of staff and the often high levels of physical interventions often found within dementia settings means that the provision for effective communication regarding psychological care presents a significant challenge. I think the psychotherapeutic aspect of care is a important issue, particularly with the number of cases of dementia predicted to rise to almost 1 million in the UK by 2020 (according to Alzeimers Disease International, 1999, cited by Burgess, 2003). Conclusion (Specific) Overall, I feel quite positive about my experience on placement and about the use of communication. I believe that I worked to the best of my ability. Abigale and many other patients appeared to be quite advanced in terms of their dementia condition. This proved to be quite a challenge. I would like to have had more awareness about Abigales history. I can now more readily appreciate the importance of family and friends, not only in terms of direct contribution to care but also the indirect contributions that they make through providing information about the patient. Early recognition of emotional distress helps with the nursing process. It could have made it more feasible for me to talk to Abigale to provide reassurance and limit the likelyhood of her becoming upset, therefore preserving her dignity. I have gained a great deal of insight into dementia care both through the placement experience and through the process of reflection. In retrospect, I would like to have been able to offer more in terms of psychological support and this provides some insight into the psychotherapeutic aspect of care for future placements. Action Plan In future, I would like to have acquired a higher level of therapeutic skills to enhance my ability to communicate with people who have dementia. The predicted rise in dementia cases as previously mentioned means there is a greater likely hood of coming into contact and providing nursing care for a patient who has dementia. I think it would therefore be useful to develop a greater awareness into the condition, especially from a psychological perspective. I also hope to have training and therefore approved access to PARIS computerised notes system. References Adams T (2008) Dementia Care Nursing: Promoting Well-Being in People with Dementia and Their Families. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Alzeimers Society (2010) Factsheet 500: Communicating. Alzeimers Society: London. http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/factsheet/500 Accessed: 30.06.10 Argyle M (1994) The Psychology of Interpersonal Behaviour (5th Edn). London: Penguin Books Baillie L (2009) Developing Practical Adult Nursing Skills (3rd Edn). London: Hodder Arnold. Bullman C Schutz S (2008) Reflective Practice in Nursing (4th Edition). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Burgess L (2003) Changing attitudes in dementia care and the role of nurses. Nursing Times, 99 (38) 18. http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice-clinical-research/changing-attitudes-in-dementia-care-and-the-role-of-nurses/205196.article Accessed: 30.06.10 Burnard P Gill P (2009) Culture, Communication and Nursing. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Cheston R Bender M (2003) Understanding Dementia: The Man with the Worried Eyes. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Crawford P Brown B Bonham P (2006) Foundations in Nursing and Health Care: Communication in Clinical Settings. Cheltenham: Nelson Thorns Ltd. Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008) The Code: Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics for Nurses and Midwifes. NMC, London http://www.nmc-uk.org/aDisplayDocument.aspx?documentID=5982 Accessed: 12.04.2010 Peate I (2006) Becoming a Nurse in the 21st Century. West Sussex: Wiley. Potters P A Perry A G (2001) Fundamentals of Nursing (5th Edn). St Louis: Mosby. Riley J B (2008) Communication in Nursing (6th Edn). United States of America: Mosby. Sheldon L K (2005) Communication for Nurses: Talking With Patients. Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Watkins P (2002) Mental Health Nursing: The Art of Compassionate Care. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann. Welsh Assembly Government (2003) Fundamentals of Care: Guidance for Health and Social Care Staff. Welsh Assembly Government: Cardiff. http://www.wales.nhs.uk/documents/booklet-e.pdf Accessed: 12.04.2010 Bibliography Ellis R B Gates B Kenworthy N (2003) Interpersonal Communication in Nursing: Theory and Practice (2nd Edn). Churchill Livingstone: London. Hamilton S J Martin D J (2007) Clinical Development: A framework for effective communication skill. Nursing Times, 103: 48, 30-31. Appendix 1 The Reflective Cycle (adapted from Gibbs et al.1988) cited in Bulman and Schutz, (2008). Appendix 2 Egans SOLAR Principles (Egan, 1994) as cited in Crawford et al. (2006) S Face people Squarely O Maintain an Open shape to the body L Lean forward slightly E Use appropriate Eye contact R Relax

The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay -- essays research papers

The Presidential Election of 1972 The Presidential election of 1972 had two strong candidates, President Richard Nixon and George McGovern. There were many issues which had a great deal of importance to the election. The Vietnam war and the stability of the economy at the time were two main factors. The election ended in one the largest political scandals in U.S. history, being the Watergate break-in, and cover-up, by President Richard Nixon. The Democratic party had a large selection of candidates from which to choose for the primary elections of 1972. There were many well known candidates who entered the race for the nomination. The leading contenders were Edmund S. Muskie of Maine, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota. Other candidates who didn't receive quite as much recognition were Alabama governor George C. Wallace, Mayor Sam Yorty of Los Angeles, Rep. Wilbur D. Mills of Arkansas, Sen. Vance Hartke of Indiana, former Senator Eugene J. McCarthy of Minnesota, Mayor John Lindsay of New York City and Rep. Shirley Chisholm of New York. Chisholm was the first black to run in a series of presidential primaries." (Congressional Quarterly, "Guide to U.S. Elections", Third ed., 1994, pg.603-605.) 5 Governor Wallace had a devastating moment in his campaign while in Maryland. "In early May a sick young man named Arthur Bremer altered the politics of 1972. As Governor Wallace campaigned toward certain victory in the Maryland primary, Bremer stepped forward out of a shopping-center crowd and shot him four times. Wallace survived, but at the cost of being paralyzed from the waist down. Maryland's voters surged out on election day to give Wallace a huge victory, his last of 1972. While Wallace recuperated, the millions who would have voted for him as a Democratic or independent candidate began to move in overwhelming proportions behind the candidacy began to move in overwhelming proportions behind the candidacy of Richard Nixon." (Benton, William. "U.S. Election of 1972." Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year. pg.12-13, 1973 ed.)1 When the California primary was approaching, Humphrey tried to save the nomination for himself. "Humphrey excoriated his old senate frien... ...ergate scandal. These two reporters open up the Watergate scandal, and all the participants involved. "During the investigation, a presidential aide revealed that Nixon had secretly taped Oval Office conversations with aides. When the Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Cox ordered Nixon to surrender the tapes, Nixon ordered Cox fired. Then the Supreme Court ruled that Nixon had to surrender even more tapes, which indicated that he had played an active role in covering up the Watergate scandal. Nixon resigned the presidency when his impeachment and conviction appeared certain. The impeachment articles charged him with obstruction of justice, abuse of presidential powers and contempt of Congress. President Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974. The Watergate affair was perhaps the greatest political scandal in U.S. history. For the first time, a president was forced to leave office before his term expired."6 Vice President Gerald Ford became the President of the United States. President Ford then granted Richard Nixon a full pardon of the crimes committed against the presidency, and the people of the United States.

Career in Accounting

Career in Accounting Tammy Doll Everest University Online September 2012 Career in Accounting I have always wanted a career in Accounting. I was always good in math and keeping things organized. Although it is not what my parents wanted for me. They wanted me to become a nurse. There are quite a few steps that I must take to become an accountant. Through minimal education requirements and continued education I will better myself and grow within my career. As an Accountant I would have a multitude of responsibilities depending on what field that I decided to go in.There are several fields I could go into, Auditing in which I would go into a business or to an individual and do a complete audit on their financial history. There is a Budget Analysis career option in which I would be responsible for the financial plans of a business. Another career field would be Management Accounting which is basically running a business, deciding when and where to spend the money. The career that I woul d like to have in the accounting field would be to become a Certified Public Accountant.A certified public accountant is responsible for preparing and auditing annual financial statements. I would also be responsible for completing tax returns for businesses and personal income taxes. (Accounting coach, 2004-2012) There are several things that I have to accomplish before I get my CPA. First I must get my Associates degree in accounting, which will allow me to get some experience. Then I will go for my bachelor’s degree. Just a bachelor’s degree in accounting is not enough to qualify for my CPA license. Accounting coach, 2004-2012) I would need to have 150 college credits and also pass an ethics exam in order to sit for the CPA exam. Different states have different requirements to maintain my CPA license, but generally I would have to take so many higher education credits per year to recertify. To get where I want to be there is a lot of steps that I must climb, I am up to the challenge. There is a wide range of opportunities for me, depending on the degree I obtain in Accounting.Just having an associate’s degree in accounting certifies me to be a bookkeeper or an accounting clerk. The salary I could expect to make is $18,000 to $40,000 per year. Going on with my dream and pursuing my bachelor’s degree and ultimately my CPA I could earn $40,000 to $80,000 per year depending on experience. (Accounting coach, 2004-2012) Accountants must be well organized and be knowledgeable of financial documents. They must also be trustworthy, honest, have strong communication skills and be very attentive to detail. (Ford) Smith, 2012). It is also very helpful that I am knowledgeable of using Excel and similar computer programs, because spreadsheets are the core of accounting organization. After completing this paper and doing extra research, I still want a career in Accounting. I have a lot of hard work ahead of me. Organization and math was always one of my stronger qualities. I am ready to better myself through further education and be the best that I can be in my career. ReferencesAccounting Coach. (2004-2012). CPA requirements, accounting jobs and opportunities. In Accounting Coach (Ed. ), Retrieved from http://www. Accountingcoach. com/careers/CPA-requirement. html Careers in business. In (1997). Careers in Accounting. Retrieved from http://www. Career-in- Accounting. com (Ford) Smith. (2012). Traits, skills, and personal characteristics for an accountant. In Retrieved from http://www. chron. com/traits-skills-personal-characteristics-accountants-9716. html

American Ethic History

In the onset of the year 1776 that a writer named Thomas Jefferson conceived and drafted the Declaration of Independence. Such eloquent phrasing made it to be such a masterpiece in the history of political writing. The declaration, in its fight for democracy and sovereignty as it was besieged by Great Britain that time had constructed a way in which to breakaway and attain their freedom that is through the declaration of Independence.The Declaration of Independence consists of three parts; one is about the grievances that England’s King, George III had initiated, the second is the legitimacy of the revolt and third is the statement of principles concerning the rights of men. In which case, it was stated in the declaration that all men are created equal and has inherent right as endowed by the Creator to pursue a life of happiness, life and liberty.It illiterates that the government exists to protect these rights as given by the people but when thwarted, it is the right of thes e people to obstruct and alter these by creating a new government that will be in accordance to the principles, that is their right. It was through this declaration that the people of America were able to express their desire for equality and independence. Through this powerful remark as written by Jefferson that â€Å"all men are created equal,† that several race and nations alike were able to fight for their right as humans as it is inherently theirs.The phrase, not to mention the masterpiece itself has up to now, creates a great deal of impact to the people, especially to the oppressed so that they have something that they can hold on to in times of grievances and despair. Through these words, many people, countries and races suffering have been strengthened, as the words lit the fires for the battle ahead, for democracy and the right to be treated as equals. It is then a contradiction that the Naturalization Act of 1790 was proclaimed with the discrimination against race and sex.Naturalization Act of 1790 Naturalization is a process in which a person who has other countries of origin or birth is given the right to become citizens of the country. In the Naturalization Act of 1790, the Congress passed an act stating that any alien, being a free, white person can be a citizen of the country after two years of stay. The Act came to be when the Congress realized that the newly independent country consists of many different races, African slaves, the French, Native Americans, and other immigrants from European countries.With the right of citizenship, the selected few have the capacity to vote and exercise their right to make decisions. The Issue It is such a contradiction to the part of the Congress to discriminate the people in means of color. The others who are not given the rights to citizenshp are treated as inferiors. This is also the time where trade of African slaves are afoot and wherein women are not given the right to vote and work as they pleas e.It is then to that aspect that the Naturalization Act even though there is no naming of gender, in particular it only states â€Å"any free white alien† but with the deprived right of women to vote, the Naturalization Act for women is of no use to them. This onslaught of discrimination through the creation of the Naturalization Act is a contradiction to the Declaration of Independence that was uphold in July 4 of 1776, that all men were created as equals by the Creator and therefore shoulf live a life that is just and meaningful.To treat the Africans not to mention other races with a color different from theirs in a way that is no different from the buying and selling of an inanimate object is a violation of such constitution. To restrict women in doing household chores and caring for children without any priveledge to express their thoughts or without a means of independence such as freedom to work is also a violation to the constitution they once so proudly uphold. The Ro ot Cause Slave trading has been prevalent in the United States since the 17th century wherein natives from Africa are captured and sold as slaves.They served their purpose as they were forced to labor on productions crops that includes sugar, tobacco, coffee, and cotton. It was not until 1865 that they were given the rights to be a part of the country In the part of women suffrage, it took a longer time before women were granted the right to vote (1920’s). Women during that time are have no means to acquire education nor work. Like the slaves, they are treated as second-class citizen and not much was expected from them.It was a time where white male individuals were the only ones who was able to have the full grant of being citizens to the country. Conclusion In conclusion, one of the reasons that may come into consideration when thinking about the contradictions in American history maybe due to the influence of culture and strong tradition that occurred. During that time, th eir way of thinking was not that advanced and modernized so as to free slaves and give women the right to vote because that is a situation wherein they are not used to.It took a lot of time before thay can accommodate that into their minds that not only male and white persons are Americans. Africans and women had long been with them and in such time have proven their right to be a part of the country. In the light of today, some problems are still in need of a solution, it cannot be said that we have attained true freedom. There is still many who suffer due to discrimination of their gender and their race and that is a challenge to attain the true equality we all hope for. References Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty, eds.(1991) The Reader's Companion to American History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Gilje, Paul A. â€Å"Declaration of Independence. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006. Kerber, Linda K. (1998). No Constitutional Right t o Be Ladies: Women and the Obligations ofCitizenship. New York: Hill and Wang. Kettner, James H. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608–1870. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,. Smith, Rogers M. (1997). Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U. S. History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

A View from the Bridge: the Opening Scene Essay

The opening scene of Act Two marks the dramatic turning point of the play. In this scene, Catherine confronts Rodolfo over Eddie’s allegation that Rodolfo only wants to marry Catherine to be an American. However it is soon revealed that Rodolfo truly loves her. The two characters sleep together for the first time, a fact that Eddie finds out when he returns home drunk, which results in a devastating confrontation between the central characters. The seriousness and the intense emotions displayed in this scene, plus Arthur Miller’s use of dramatic devices, make this scene very dramatically effective. It is a turning point in the play because it is the first time Catherine and Rodolfo sleep together, symbolising Catherine’s transformation from a â€Å"little girl† to a grown woman; and Catherine’s ties with Eddie have finally cut as she chooses Rodolfo over Eddie. In this scene, Eddie also confronts his feelings towards Catherine as he kisses her in a fit of rage, passion and desire. This scene opens up with Alfieri’s narration. He tells the audience that Catherine and Rodolfo are â€Å"alone† in the apartment for the first time. The fact that they are alone suggests something is going to happen and sets the scene and create tension because the two characters are alone in a cramped flat without anyone to interfere and no other witnesses except the audience. The cramped apartment is dramatic device which is more obvious on stage ? the dining room is the focus of the actions, the small, claustrophobic space increases tension between the characters. The character of Alfieri serves two functions. In the play, Alfieri is the narrator, who tells the audience the story of Eddie Carbone in flashbacks, and therefore constantly reminds the readers of the tragedy that is yet to come. However he also acts as an actual character in the play ? the role of the wise lawyer, whom Eddie seeks advice from. A narrator is a typical dramatic device used often in plays, dating back to Greek tragedy, which is the style this play is written in. Catherine asks Rodolfo is he is hungry, instead he replies â€Å"not for anything to eat†. This suggests Rodolfo’s desire for Catherine and further emphasis what might happen now they are alone together. This makes the audience wonder and curious, about Rodolfo and Catherine, and also about Eddie’s reaction when he finds out. Catherine starts to ask Rodolfo a series of questions about the options of the two of them living in Italy. At first Rodolfo thinks Catherine is joking as he is smiling, as he does not know the real question Catherine is asking him. However, we as the audience understand she is testing him to see if he only wants to marry her to be an American. This is an example of dramatic irony which Miller uses to create tension and suspense as the audience wonder how Rodolfo is going to react and whether he will figure out Catherine’s true intention. We are also kept in suspense as we wait to see if Rodolfo really loves Catherine. As Rodolfo realises Catherine’s seriousness, stage directions describes that his smile â€Å"vanishes† and he is â€Å"astonished† at Catherine’s request and he walks to her â€Å"slowly†. From here, it is clear that Rodolfo recognizes something is wrong and the tension is heightened as his previous joking mood has gone and is moving onto a more unpleasant topic. Rodolfo tries to persuade Catherine by commenting Italy as having â€Å"no money†, â€Å"no business † and â€Å"nothing† and though Italy is beautiful, â€Å"you can’t cook the view†. This quote shows Rodolfo’s maturity and his understanding of reality and that he is not blinded by a mere pretty surface. As Catherine continues to pursue the idea of living in Italy, Rodolfo becomes increasingly frustrated: â€Å"There’s nothing! Nothing, nothing, nothing. † We see the characters are more emotionally charged as the argument continues; Rodolfo becomes more angry and irritable as the tension builds up, and the audience tense up as the calmer atmosphere is now disturbed by something more exciting. Finally, Catherine confesses she is â€Å"afraid of Eddie† here. This is the first time she admits her fear of Eddie and his actions to the audience, which marks another turning point of the play ? she no longer sees Eddie as a non-threatening, kind man she thought he is. There is a slight pause after Catherine’s admission. This creates tension and allows time for Catherine’s confession and is a hint to the impending tragedy sink in. However, even after this, Catherine persists with her questioning, which eventually leads to Rodolfo’s realisation: â€Å"This is your question or his question? † Therefore the penny drops as the truth comes out. From this point on, the characters confront their true feelings and give the audience further insight into the characters’ inner emotions. This quote also shows that Rodolfo is not the naive, innocent boy portrayed and seen by other earlier in the play? He is quite witty and intelligent and knows when something is going on. Rodolfo is â€Å"furious† at Eddie’s accusation of him and explains that the only reason he wants to â€Å"be an American so I can work†. This shows Rodolfo is realistic and is not just an impressionable, young, starry-eyed boy who loves America so much. This corresponds with earlier in the play with his â€Å"you can’t cook the view† speech. From here, we see another more mature, responsible side of him. This also touches on the theme of family and responsibility?  two of the things that are significant in the Italian traditions. These are shown through the way Rodolfo says that he cannot bring Catherine from a rich country to a poor one; otherwise he would be a â€Å"criminal† â€Å"stealing† her face when he cannot afford enough food for her as he would be responsible for her well-being. Catherine is â€Å"near tears† and Rodolfo is â€Å"furious† as the argument progresses. This makes the scene more dramatic as we see the characters’ emotions are displayed so raw and vividly in this scene, as indicated in the stage directions. Catherine describes Eddie as â€Å"mad all the time and nasty†, which contrasts with her earlier comments of â€Å"the sweetest guy† and â€Å"good†. This reveals that Catherine loves Eddie very much but at the same time is afraid of him as she admits herself. This paradox illustrates Catherine’s emotional turmoil and complex feelings. It also suggests that she too, knows something is wrong with Eddie’s over-the-top rage and fury about the idea of her and Rodolfo together, further emphasised by Rodolfo’s suggestion that Eddie will â€Å"spank† Catherine if she disobeys him ? that there is something dark and primal in Eddie’s feelings for Catherine. Catherine denies she is a naive â€Å"baby† like everyone thinks, which reminds us that Catherine is caught in the crossfire and has to do what everyone else’s expectation of her. However, she continues to defend Eddie as she criticises Beatrice of not being a good wife and woman to Eddie, unlike the way she can because she can â€Å"tell† and â€Å"know† what Eddie wants and needs. This almost peculiar comment deepens the audiences’ sense of unease as we suspect that something inappropriate is going on between Eddie and Catherine and that Eddie’s feeling may possibly be reciprocated. Rodolfo does not seem to realise this as he persuades Catherine to leave Eddie. Catherine then tries to change the topic and instead tells Rodolfo to â€Å"hold† and â€Å"teach† her. This shows Catherine is inexperienced. However alternatively, it can mean that she is manipulative ? when the conversation is not turning out the way she wants to, she cunningly changes the topic using her sexuality. This contrasts with the previous impression the audience have of her and suggests that she is not the saint that we think she is. She cries â€Å"softly† as Rodolfo gently leads her to the bedroom ? thus completes Catherine’s transformation from a â€Å"little girl† to a woman. It signifies Catherine’s choice of Rodolfo over Eddie as she loses her virginity to Rodolfo ? something she can never claim back, parallel to the fact she can not go back to Eddie anymore. Her ties have finally been cut. This significant event also means tragedy is inevitable as the audience know all hell will break loose when Eddie finds out. There is a little pause between the part when Rodolfo leads Catherine to the  bedroom and Eddie’s confrontation with them. During this part, no speech is spoken; it only shows Eddie’s return. This gives the audience some breathing space as tension slows down a little and to give time for the audience to prepare for the revelation Eddie is about to find out. Eddie returns home â€Å"drunk†, which creates tension as the audience anticipate trouble, and the fact that he is drunken means his behaviour would be even more aggressive and unpredictable and then making his confrontation with Rodolfo and Catherine more dramatic. Eddie sees Catherine first; the situation appears to be calm, though awkward and uneasy because the audience know that a huge thing has just happened and the calmness is just the calmness before the storm and we wait anxiously for the dreadful truth to dawn on Eddie. According to the stage direction, Rodolfo comes out of the bedroom second. Eddie sees him and his arm â€Å"jerks slightly in shock†. Rodolfo nods to him â€Å"testingly†. Eddie jerks his arm in shock implies he realises what has happened. He is in astonishment and disbelief. Rodolfo reminds the audience that Beatrice is out, which means there is no one to act as the peace-maker?  there are only three of them alone in the small, claustrophobic apartment where the atmosphere is tense and uncomfortable. There is a pause as Eddie let the revelation to sink in. the pause creates suspense as the audience wait for his catastrophic reaction. Instead, however, Eddie just tells Rodolfo to â€Å"get outa here†. A simple, short command without any explanation or discussion. This amplify the uneasiness in the atmosphere as his reaction seems strangely still to the awful knowledge he just learned, the audience are surprised by this and wonder what will happen next. Eddie grabs her arm as Catherine starts to go. This is the start and a hint to the conflict that is yet to come. Catherine starts to go. Catherine is â€Å"trembling with fright†, shows that she is really scared. She â€Å"frees her arm†, suggests that she is standing up to Eddie finally. She speaks in short sentences, creating a fast pace and urgency atmosphere Eddie tries to regain the control of the situation by commanding Catherine: â€Å"You ain’t going anywheres. â€Å" He desperately tries to make Catherine stay by use the last bit of his power to control her. When Catherine disobeys, he â€Å"draws her to him† and â€Å"kisses her on the mouth† as Eddie finally confronts his desire and feeling for Catherine. The kiss suggests there is something of a sexual desire in Eddie’s feelings, not just the simple possessiveness some fathers have of their daughters. Eddie asks Rodolfo what he is â€Å"gonna be†, thus challenging him, with Catherine as the winner’s price. Rodolfo squares up to Eddie and accept the challenge â€Å"with tears of rage†, suggesting his ego has been bruised badly. He â€Å"flies at him in attack†, which shows Rodolfo’s extreme rage at the fact Eddie has just kissed Catherine and his challenge of his manliness. However, Eddie humiliates him further as he â€Å"pins his arms, laughing, and suddenly kisses him†. This kiss is very sudden and unpredicted, so it is very shocking for the audience and we are incredulous at Eddie’s actions. This kiss is a very extreme action and we slowly realise that it is used to humiliate Rodolfo, questioning his manliness and an attempt Eddie makes to confirm his suspicion of Rodolfo’s sexuality. Catherine â€Å"tears â€Å"at Eddie’s face, while Eddie stands there with â€Å"tears rolling†. This is the point where Eddie realises he has lost and this is the point where he realises Catherine is gone from him. The audience sympathises with him because we know he truly loves Catherine and he has just lost everything he holds dear. However, he still tries to gain the control of the situation and he and Rodolfo are almost frozen with anger: â€Å"They are like animals that have torn at one another and broken up without a decision, each other waiting for other’s mood† This description compare Rodolfo and Eddie as â€Å"animals†, suggest something dark, terrifying and primal in the situation, which makes the audience feel uneasy and uncomfortable. When Eddie breaks the silence, he tells Rodolfo to get out and tells him to â€Å"watch your step, submarine. † â€Å"Submarine† is slang for an illegal immigrant. This is a warning to Rodolfo and a hint to what is going to happen. From this point on, it is clear to the audience that tragedy is inevitable because it seems that Eddie will go as far as to betray his family and report the brothers to the Immigration Bureau. We also know that if Eddie does do that, the consequence will be devastating, as foreshadowed by the Vinny Bolzano story from the very earlier on of the play. Eddie ends this act with a dreadful warning, which create suspense as to what he is going to do and grabs the audience’s attention as we wait to see his next actions even though we already suspect what he is going to do. In conclusion, the opening scene of Act Two is one of the most important and dramatic points of the play. Throughout the first act, Arthur Miller tells us of Rodolfo and Marco’s arrival and sets up the steps leading to the play’s climax ending. In Act One, the audience see the growth of Eddie’s paranoia and jealousy, slowly accumulating to his final outburst. The incident in this scene: Rodolfo and Catherine sleeping together is the final push that sends Eddie over the edge and promote him to report the cousin to the Immigration Bureau. It is in this scene Eddie’s patience runs out and in this scene he realises he has lost Catherine to Rodolfo. He confronts his feelings by kissing Catherine and humiliates Rodolfo with the shocking kiss. This scene is full of emotions which are displayed vividly to the audience through the characters’ actions and speech. The emotions grab the audience attention because we care about the characters and curious about what is going to happen.